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Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), often zoonotic, pose significant global health challenges. Predicting EID emergence through advanced analytics and surveillance is crucial for public health preparedness and prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) impact Canada and pose risks to travellers, with over 75% originating as zoonoses.
  • EIDs emerge through range changes or adaptive mutations, enabling new host species, like humans, to be infected.
  • Increased diagnostic capabilities can also contribute to the apparent emergence of diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the growing challenge of EIDs for public health and clinical care.
  • To emphasize the increasing importance of predictive modeling for EID occurrence and risk assessment.
  • To discuss the role of global changes in driving EID emergence and the need for proactive management.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing web-based scanning and analysis for early outbreak detection.
  • Employing modern genomics and bioinformatics to trace EID origins.
  • Leveraging geomatics and earth observation for real-time outbreak tracking.

Main Results:

  • Global changes are increasing the occurrence of EIDs.
  • Technological advancements are enhancing our capacity to detect, identify origins, and track EID outbreaks.
  • Despite challenges, our ability to prevent and manage EIDs is also improving.

Conclusions:

  • EIDs represent a persistent global public health challenge, exacerbated by globalization.
  • Environmental, climatic, and demographic shifts alter host-pathogen interactions, increasing zoonotic spillover and spread.
  • Proactive prediction, surveillance, and response are essential to mitigate the impact of EIDs.