Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sign Test for Matched Pairs01:17

Sign Test for Matched Pairs

425
The sign test for matched pairs offers a robust method for comparing two paired samples, often for the effects of an intervention in one of them. This method is very useful in situations where the underlying distribution of the data is unknown. The test compares two related samples—often pre- and post-treatment measurements on the same subjects—to determine if there are significant differences in their median values.
To conduct the sign test, we first calculate the differences in...
425
Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

138.1K
One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
138.1K
Secondary Healthcare System01:11

Secondary Healthcare System

2.1K
Secondary healthcare is offered by a specialist, generally in hospitals or clinics for patients referred by primary healthcare providers. It occurs when a person has an illness or injury that requires specific medical care. Secondary care is often referred to as acute care. Secondary care can range from uncomplicated care to repair a minor laceration or treat a strep throat infection to more complicated emergent care, such as treating a head injury sustained in an automobile accident. Whatever...
2.1K
Interaction of EM Radiation with Matter: Spectroscopy01:12

Interaction of EM Radiation with Matter: Spectroscopy

3.3K
Electromagnetic (EM) radiation can be considered an oscillating electric and magnetic field propagating through a medium that can interact with matter in its path. The electric field in the radiation can interact with electrical charges in the atoms or molecules in the matter. On the other hand, the magnetic field can interact with the magnetic field in the atomic nucleus. The study of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter is termed spectroscopy. Spectroscopy is the study...
3.3K
Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots03:02

Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots

60.7K
Vascular plants, which account for over 90% of the Earth’s vegetation, all undergo primary growth—which lengthens roots and shoots. Many land plants, notably woody plants, also undergo secondary growth—which thickens roots and shoots.
60.7K
Secondary Distribution01:25

Secondary Distribution

583
Secondary distribution systems provide electrical energy at the utilization voltage levels from distribution transformers to customer meters. Typical secondary voltages in the United States include 120/240 V for residential use, 208Y/120 V for residential and commercial use, and 480Y/277 V for industrial and high-rise commercial use.
In residential areas, 120/240 V single-phase, three-wire service is commonly used for lighting, outlets, and large appliances. Urban areas with high-density loads...
583

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pyruvate-formate lyase-derived formate regulates the response of Salmonella Typhimurium to meropenem and ciprofloxacin.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

Planar cell polarity-directed cell crawling drives polarized epithelial morphogenesis.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same author

Maternal helminths rewire the microbiota to promote offspring antiviral immunity.

Cell host & microbe·2026
Same author

Atypical E-cadherin attachments mediate melanoblast migration through confined epithelial spaces.

The Journal of cell biology·2025
Same author

Planar cell polarity-directed cell crawling drives polarized hair follicle morphogenesis.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

The dawn of a new air pollutant: inhalable microplastics as emerging vectors of hazardous contaminants and their implications for human health.

Environment international·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Preparation of High-Temperature Sample Grids for Cryo-EM
05:05

Preparation of High-Temperature Sample Grids for Cryo-EM

Published on: July 26, 2021

4.3K

CHALLENGES IN MATCHING SECONDARY STRUCTURES IN CRYO-EM: AN EXPLORATION.

Devin Haslam1, Mohammad Zubair1, Desh Ranjan1

  • 1Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk VA23529.

Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine
|May 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Cryo-electron microscopy aids protein structure determination. New heuristic methods improve matching protein sequences to medium-resolution density maps when templates are unavailable, advancing structural biology.

Keywords:
algorithmscryo-electron microscopygraphheuristicproteinsecondary structuretopology

More Related Videos

Routine Collection of High-Resolution cryo-EM Datasets Using 200 KV Transmission Electron Microscope
09:49

Routine Collection of High-Resolution cryo-EM Datasets Using 200 KV Transmission Electron Microscope

Published on: March 16, 2022

6.0K
Cryo-EM and Single-Particle Analysis with Scipion
09:06

Cryo-EM and Single-Particle Analysis with Scipion

Published on: May 29, 2021

4.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Preparation of High-Temperature Sample Grids for Cryo-EM
05:05

Preparation of High-Temperature Sample Grids for Cryo-EM

Published on: July 26, 2021

4.3K
Routine Collection of High-Resolution cryo-EM Datasets Using 200 KV Transmission Electron Microscope
09:49

Routine Collection of High-Resolution cryo-EM Datasets Using 200 KV Transmission Electron Microscope

Published on: March 16, 2022

6.0K
Cryo-EM and Single-Particle Analysis with Scipion
09:06

Cryo-EM and Single-Particle Analysis with Scipion

Published on: May 29, 2021

4.4K

Area of Science:

  • Structural biology
  • Biophysics
  • Computational biology

Background:

  • Cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) is a rapidly advancing technique for determining the structures of large protein complexes.
  • Obtaining atomic-resolution structures from medium-resolution Cryo-EM density maps is challenging, especially without existing structural templates.
  • Accurately tracing protein chains within these density maps is crucial for structure determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the challenge of protein chain tracing in medium-resolution Cryo-EM density maps.
  • To improve the accuracy of matching protein sequences to their corresponding density maps.
  • To explore heuristic methods for enhancing existing dynamic programming approaches.

Main Methods:

  • A previously developed dynamic programming method for matching secondary structures between density maps and protein sequences was utilized.
  • Challenges in creating the weighted graph required for the dynamic programming method were identified.
  • Heuristic approaches were explored to overcome these challenges and improve the matching process.

Main Results:

  • The study discusses inherent difficulties in constructing the weighted graph essential for the dynamic programming algorithm.
  • Heuristic methods are proposed as potential solutions to enhance the accuracy of secondary structure matching.
  • These methods aim to improve the reliability of protein chain threading in Cryo-EM density maps.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate protein chain tracing remains a significant hurdle in Cryo-EM structure determination at medium resolutions.
  • Heuristic strategies offer a promising avenue for improving existing computational methods.
  • Further development in these areas could significantly enhance the utility of Cryo-EM for structural biology.