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Response to third rubella vaccine dose.

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A third measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine dose boosted rubella immunity in young adults, increasing antibody levels and converting most non-immune individuals. High vaccine coverage is crucial for sustained population protection.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Limited data exist on the immunogenicity of a third measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine dose.
  • Understanding long-term rubella immunity from childhood vaccination is essential for public health policy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate long-term rubella immunogenicity after two childhood MMR vaccine doses in Norwegian conscripts.
  • To determine the impact of an additional MMR vaccine dose on rubella immunity in young adults.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was used to measure anti-rubella IgG antibody concentrations in blood samples.
  • Samples were collected from 495 Norwegian conscripts before and eight months after receiving an MMR vaccine dose.
  • Seropositivity was defined by antibody concentrations: negative (<5 IU/mL), equivocal (5.0-9.9 IU/mL), and positive (≥10 IU/mL).

Main Results:

  • Pre-vaccination seropositivity for rubella was 84.6%, with 99.0% having protective antibody levels (≥5 IU/mL).
  • Post-vaccination, seropositivity increased to 94.5%, with 99.8% having protective levels.
  • The geometric mean IgG concentration rose from 21.4 IU/mL to 28.9 IU/mL, and 80% of initially seronegative individuals showed seroconversion.

Conclusions:

  • The Norwegian cohort, having received two childhood MMR doses, demonstrated protection against rubella.
  • An additional MMR vaccine dose in early adulthood significantly increased antibody concentrations and induced seroconversion in most seronegative individuals.
  • Maintaining high MMR vaccine coverage is vital for ensuring sustained rubella immunity in the population.