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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Rapid Mix Preparation of Bioinspired Nanoscale Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications
Published on: February 23, 2017
Electrophoretic co-deposition of PEEK-hydroxyapatite composite coatings for biomedical applications
Fatih E Baştan1, Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman2, Yasemin Yıldıran Avcu3
1Sakarya University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Thermal Spray Research and Development Laboratory, 54187, Esentepe, Sakarya, Turkey; Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
Abstract:
This study focuses on the optimization of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and suspension parameters for producing PEEK-hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings with feasible microstructure, adhesion strength, and in-vitro bioactivity. Nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HA) micro-granules were incorporated with PEEK to form PEEK-hydroxyapatite composite coatings via EPD. After EPD, a heat-treatment at 375 °C was applied for densification of the coatings and for enhancing the adhesion between the coatings and the substrates. It was found that both adhesion strength and in-vitro bioactivity of the coatings were dependent on the PEEK and HA relative contents. Thus, increasing the amount of HA improved the bioactivity while decreased the adhesion strength of the coatings. Apatite-like layer formation was observed on coatings with high HA content after incubation for three days in simulated body fluid (SBF). Finally, a deposition mechanism was proposed for the EPD of the PEEK-hydroxyapatite composite system.
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