[Cardiac Anaesthesia: Anaesthesiological Management]

Area of Science:

• Anesthesiology
• Cardiac Surgery
• Cardiology

Background:

• Cardiac surgery patient demographics are shifting towards older individuals, including octogenarians.
• Advancements in minimally invasive cardiac surgery and mechanical heart assist devices are transforming patient care.
• These surgical innovations necessitate corresponding enhancements in anaesthesiological management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current state of anaesthesiological management in cardiac surgery.
• To highlight key areas including myocardial protection, cardiopulmonary bypass, and enhanced recovery.
• To discuss innovations in minimally invasive cardiac surgery, such as transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Main Methods:

• This is a review article synthesizing current knowledge and advancements.
• It addresses pharmacological myocardial protection strategies.
• It examines anaesthetic management during cardiopulmonary bypass and enhanced recovery protocols.

Main Results:

• The anaesthesiological management of cardiac surgery patients has significantly advanced.
• Key areas of focus include optimizing myocardial protection and anaesthesia during cardiopulmonary bypass.
• Enhanced Recovery After Cardiac Surgery (ERAS) protocols are crucial for patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Modern cardiac anaesthesia requires adaptation to an aging patient population and surgical innovations.
• Pharmacological myocardial protection, advanced bypass management, and ERAS protocols are vital.
• Innovations like transcatheter aortic valve implantation present new challenges and opportunities in anaesthesia.