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Necrosis01:16

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Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
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Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

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Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Drug Distribution and Drug Interactions01:09

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Drug Distribution and Drug Interactions

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Renal clearance plays a pivotal role in drug elimination from the body and can be influenced by drug distribution and interactions. Understanding these factors is crucial in pharmacology as they impact the effectiveness and duration of drug therapy.
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Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Drug's Physicochemical Properties and Plasma Levels01:31

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The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a critical marker of kidney function, reflecting the efficiency of filtration by the glomeruli. Renal clearance of specific substances, such as inulin or creatinine, is commonly used to measure GFR.
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Evaluation of Zebrafish Kidney Function Using a Fluorescent Clearance Assay
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Tumor Necrosis Factor: Function, Release and Clearance.

M H A Bemelmans1, L J H van Tits1, W A Buurman1

  • 1Department of Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Critical Reviews in Immunology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) circulates in bioactive and inactive forms, cleared differently. Soluble TNF receptors inactivate and clear TNF, with the kidney being the primary clearance organ.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) is a key cytokine in disease pathogenesis.
  • TNF exists in bioactive and immunologically detectable forms with distinct clearance rates.
  • The inactive form of TNF results from proteolytic degradation or binding by inactivating proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the function, release, and clearance of TNF.
  • To focus on TNF inactivation mechanisms mediated by TNF-binding proteins.
  • To discuss the role of soluble TNF receptors in TNF inactivation and clearance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent data on TNF inactivation and clearance pathways.
  • Analysis of the role of soluble TNF receptors (sTNFRs) in binding and inactivating TNF.
  • Examination of organ-specific TNF clearance kinetics.

Main Results:

  • Soluble TNF receptors, specifically the 55 kDa (P55) and 75 kDa (P75) forms, bind and inactivate TNF.
  • These soluble receptors are cleaved from membrane-bound precursors.
  • The kidney is identified as the primary organ for TNF clearance, followed by the liver.

Conclusions:

  • Soluble TNF receptors play a dual role in inactivating and clearing TNF.
  • Kidneys and liver are critical for the systemic clearance of TNF.
  • Understanding TNF inactivation and clearance is crucial for managing diseases involving TNF.