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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury
Published on: February 1, 2018
A Review on Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycle Ergometer Exercise for Spinal Cord Injured Patients
Robert P Wilder1, Elizabeth V Jones2, Tyler C Wind3
1Associate Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Director, Division of Spine and Sports Care; Medical Director, The Runner's Clinic at University of Virginia Health Sciences System, Charlottesville, Virginia.
Abstract:
The purpose of this collective review on functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycle ergometer training is to describe the pathologic effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) and the structure and function of the FES cycle ergometers, which reverse the devastating systemic and life-threatening effects of SCI. The pathophysiologic consequences of SCI include diminished cardiopulmonary and circulatory function as well as lower extremity muscle atrophy and bone mass reduction. Clinical studies have demonstrated that the two FES cycle ergometers offer promise in reversing these devastating consequences of SCI, which can shorten patients' lives. On the basis of this collective review, it is recommended that all patients with SCI have the benefits of this potentially life-sustaining clinical modality.
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