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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

664
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
664
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors01:28

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

621
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
Among the PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil (Revatio) stands out as a competitive and selective inhibitor. It operates by elevating cellular levels of cGMP and augmenting signaling through the cGMP-PKG pathway, promoting vasodilation. Upon oral...
621
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

480
Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme...
480
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

523
Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
523
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

634
Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
634
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers01:26

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers

559
Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...
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Related Experiment Video

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Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function in Experimental Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
10:03

Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function in Experimental Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Published on: June 27, 2025

802

High Altitude Pulmonary Hypertension.

Maurizio Bussotti1, Giovanni Marchese1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Societa Benefit, IRCCS, Scientifical Institute of Milan, Milan, Italy.

Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Drug Targets
|May 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Hypoxia affects the human body, influencing acclimatization and physiological responses. This review details the pulmonary system

Keywords:
Pulmonary hypertensionarterial bloodflighthemoglobinhigh altitudehypoxia.

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Establishment and Validation of a Rat Model of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Pulmonary Fibrosis
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Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
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Establishment and Validation of a Rat Model of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Pulmonary Fibrosis
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Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Cardiovascular System
  • Respiratory System

Background:

  • Hypoxia, or low oxygen conditions, elicits complex responses in the human body.
  • Understanding these responses is crucial for ensuring safety in various environments.
  • Scientific interest in hypoxia mechanisms has grown since the last century.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on the pulmonary system's response to hypoxia.
  • To discuss the progression from hypoxic conditions to High-Altitude Pulmonary Hypertension (HAPH).
  • To summarize available therapeutic options for HAPH.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on hypoxia and pulmonary responses.
  • Analysis of studies simulating normobaric hypoxia (low pressure) and hypobaric hypoxia (altitude).
  • Examination of physiological and pathological adaptations to hypoxic environments.

Main Results:

  • Detailed exposition of the pulmonary circle's responsiveness to acute and chronic hypoxia.
  • Discussion of the potential development of High-Altitude Pulmonary Hypertension.
  • Overview of current therapeutic strategies for HAPH.

Conclusions:

  • The pulmonary system exhibits significant adaptations to hypoxia, with potential for pathological progression.
  • High-Altitude Pulmonary Hypertension is a recognized condition linked to hypoxic exposure.
  • Further research and therapeutic advancements are needed for HAPH management.