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Some bottled water may be salubrious.
1Professor Emeritus of Internal Medicine, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 North Columbia Rd., Grand Forks, ND, USA.
Summary
Hard drinking water may protect cardiovascular health. This study found most bottled waters are soft, unlike beer and wine, suggesting consumers should choose hard water for potential heart benefits.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Health
- Water Chemistry
- Public Health
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of mortality globally.
- Previous research suggests a potential link between water hardness and CVD risk.
- The mineral content of drinking water, particularly calcium and magnesium, influences its hardness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the hardness of bottled water products.
- To compare the hardness of bottled water with alcoholic beverages like beer and wine.
- To assess the implications of water hardness for cardiovascular health.
Main Methods:
- Collected publicly available data on the water chemistry of 33 bottled water products.
- Calculated water hardness, expressed as calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
- Classified water hardness based on US Geological Survey (USGS) criteria.
Main Results:
- Approximately two-thirds of the evaluated bottled water products were classified as soft.
- Only one-fifth of the products met the criteria for very hard water.
- Both beer and wine were found to have very hard water profiles.
Conclusions:
- The majority of bottled water products available to consumers are soft.
- Hard water, found in beverages like beer and wine, may contribute to cardiovascular benefits.
- Consumers and suppliers are advised to consider the implications of water hardness and potentially avoid soft water options.
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