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Early Env-specific CTLs effectively suppress viral replication in SHIV controller macaques.

Jin Fan1, Hua Liang2, Tao Shen1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.

Cellular Immunology
|May 19, 2018
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Summary

Early Env-specific CD8 T cell responses are crucial for controlling simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) replication. These T cells can eliminate infected cells, potentially offering long-term benefits in HIV infection studies.

Keywords:
Acute infectionCTLEnvFunctionSHIV

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Early immune responses significantly impact long-term outcomes in acute HIV infection.
  • While Gag-specific CD8 T cell roles are known, Env-specific CD8 T cell functions in early viral control remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role and function of Env-specific CD8 T cell responses during acute simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection.
  • To determine if early Env-specific CD8 T cells contribute to controlling viral replication.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a macaque model of SHIV infection.
  • Isolated and expanded Env-specific CD8 T cell clones from macaques controlling SHIV replication.
  • Assessed the in vitro effector functions of these T cell clones against infected CD4 T cells and macrophages.

Main Results:

  • Env-specific CD8 T cell clones demonstrated the ability to recognize and kill SHIV-infected CD4 T cells.
  • These T cell clones did not reduce viral replication in SHIV-infected macrophages.
  • Expansion of Env-specific CD8 T cell responses correlated with viral control in macaques post-ART interruption.

Conclusions:

  • Early Env-specific CD8 T cell responses play a substantial role in controlling viral replication during acute SHIV infection.
  • The characterized Env-specific effector T cells possess functional capabilities suggesting potential for long-lasting clinical benefits in vivo.