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Diffusion MRI in acute nervous system injury

Matthew D Budde1, Nathan P Skinner2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
|May 19, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) detects acute brain and spinal cord injury invisible to other MRI scans. Understanding DWI mechanisms is key to applying this advanced MRI technique more widely in clinical settings.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Biophysics
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are sensitive to central nervous system microstructure.
  • DWI detects acute injury, like cerebral ischemia, often before other MRI contrasts.
  • Clinical adoption for other acute injuries (spinal cord, brain, peripheral nerve) is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review DWI/DTI changes in acute neurological injuries.
  • Examine associations between DWI/DTI changes and underlying biology, focusing on axon/dendrite beading.
  • Discuss emerging DWI techniques to enhance clinical translation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of DWI/DTI in acute neurological injury.
  • Analysis of biophysical mechanisms underlying DWI/DTI changes.
  • Discussion of advanced DWI techniques.

Main Results:

  • DWI/DTI show unique sensitivity to acute microstructural changes in the brain and spinal cord.
  • Cerebral ischemia is a key clinical application, but utility in other injuries requires further research.
  • Axon and dendrite beading are implicated in observed DWI/DTI alterations.

Conclusions:

  • DWI/DTI offer valuable insights into acute neurological injury.
  • Further understanding of biophysical mechanisms and development of advanced techniques are needed for broader clinical use.
  • Emerging DWI methods hold promise for improved diagnostic capabilities.
Keywords:
Acute neurological injuryCerebral ischemiaDiffusion tensor imagingDouble diffusion encodingMagnetic resonance imagingSpinal cord injuryTraumatic brain injury

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