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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Visualizing the Early Stages of Phagocytosis
Published on: February 3, 2017
The relationship of subepidermal moisture and early stage pressure injury by visual skin assessment
Chul-Gyu Kim1, Seungmi Park2, Ji Woon Ko3
1Department of Nursing, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea.
Aim:
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of subepidermal moisture and early stage pressure injury by visual skin assessment in elderly Korean.
Methods:
Twenty-nine elderly participated at a particular nursing home. Data were collected for 12 weeks by one wound care nurse. Visual skin assessment and subepidermal moisture value were measured at both buttocks, both ischia, both trochanters, sacrum, and coccyx of each subject once a week.
Results:
Subepidermal moisture value of stage 1 pressure injury was significantly higher than that of no injury and blanching erythema. After adjustment with covariates, odds ratios of blanching erythema to normal skin and stage 1 pressure injury to blanching erythema/normal skin were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Odds ratio of blanching erythema to normal skin was 1.003 (p = .047) by 1-week prior subepidermal moisture value, and that of concurrent subepidermal moisture value was 1.004 (p = .011). Odds ratio of stage 1 pressure injury to normal skin/blanching erythema was 1.003 (p = .005) by 1-week prior subepidermal moisture value, and that for concurrent subepidermal moisture value was 1.007 (p = .030). Subepidermal moisture was associated with concurrent and future (1 week later) skin damage at both trochanters.
Conclusion:
Subepidermal moisture would be used to predict early skin damage in clinical nursing field for the effective pressure injury prevention.
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