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What is Metabolism?

What is Metabolism?

Urinary Bladder

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...

Overview of Metabolism

Overview of Metabolism

Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...

Regulation of Metabolism

Regulation of Metabolism

Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools

Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools

Published on: December 28, 2021

Metabolic changes in bladder cancer.

Benjamin L Woolbright¹, Matthew Ayres¹, John A Taylor¹

¹Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS.

Urologic Oncology

|May 19, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Metabolic changes in bladder cancer are complex and not fully understood. Targeting these metabolic alterations offers promising therapeutic strategies for advanced disease, though further research is needed.

Keywords:

Bladder Cancer Glycolysis Metabolism Mitochondria PDK4

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Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools

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Published on: December 28, 2021

3-D Cell Culture System for Studying Invasion and Evaluating Therapeutics in Bladder Cancer

3-D Cell Culture System for Studying Invasion and Evaluating Therapeutics in Bladder Cancer

Published on: September 13, 2018

An Orthotopic Model of Murine Bladder Cancer

An Orthotopic Model of Murine Bladder Cancer

Published on: February 6, 2011

Area of Science:

Oncology
Cancer Metabolism

Background:

Bladder cancer is a common solid tumor with poor outcomes in advanced stages.
Few novel therapeutics have emerged for advanced bladder cancer in recent decades.
Cancer metabolism is more complex than initially proposed by Otto Warburg's hypothesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review metabolic changes in bladder cancer.
To explore therapeutic potential of targeting these metabolic alterations.
To examine current treatments targeting cancer metabolism in bladder cancer.

Main Methods:

Literature review on recent advances in cancer metabolism.
Emphasis on bladder cancer metabolism.

Main Results:

Significant metabolic changes occur in bladder cancer but are not well understood.
Therapeutic development targeting cancer metabolism is expanding.
Identified actionable targets include mitochondrial DNA, metabolic enzymes, and signaling proteins, which may also influence chemoresistance.

Conclusions:

Metabolism is a key area for bladder cancer therapeutic development.
Further studies are essential to advance therapeutic strategies targeting bladder cancer metabolism.