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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals
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Hybrid molecular-colloidal liquid crystals.

Haridas Mundoor1, Sungoh Park1, Bohdan Senyuk1

  • 1Department of Physics and Soft Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 19, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created a novel orthorhombic nematic fluid by combining inorganic colloidal rods with molecular liquid crystals. This hybrid material exhibits unique properties and can be controlled with external fields.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Colloidal Science

Background:

  • Order and fluidity coexist in systems like biological membranes and liquid crystals.
  • Soft matter systems often exhibit higher symmetry than their constituent building blocks.
  • Nematic liquid crystals are characterized by orientational order of rod-like molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the self-assembly and phase behavior of hybrid fluids composed of colloidal and molecular rods.
  • To explore the formation of novel ordered phases in mixtures of anisotropic particles.
  • To understand the interplay between different types of rod-like building blocks in a fluid system.

Main Methods:

  • Dispersion of micrometer-long inorganic colloidal rods in a nematic liquid crystalline fluid.
  • Experimental observation of phase formation and structural characterization.
  • Development of a coarse-grained model to explain the observed phase diagram and orientational distributions.

Main Results:

  • Formation of an orthorhombic nematic fluid from interacting uniaxial colloidal and molecular rods.
  • Identification of one biaxial and two uniaxial nematic phases in the experimental temperature-concentration phase diagram.
  • Demonstration that the hybrid fluids exhibit properties of biaxial optical crystals and can be switched by electric and magnetic fields.

Conclusions:

  • Hybrid molecular-colloidal fluids can exhibit unique ordered phases with symmetries distinct from their components.
  • The developed coarse-grained model accurately predicts the phase behavior and orientational ordering.
  • These tunable hybrid materials hold potential for applications in optics and responsive materials.