Technique of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy
Published on: September 13, 2022
Ahmed Ibrahim1, Daniel Wollin2, Glenn Preminger2
11 Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University , Montreal, Canada .
Abstract:
According to the latest American and European Urological Association guidelines, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is the current gold standard treatment for patients presenting with symptomatic large or complex renal stones ≥2 cm. This review chapter and accompanying videos will review the latest literature on indications, preoperative preparations, different patient positions, in addition to step by step explanations for the technique of PNL. Postoperative care and troubleshooting tips are provided. Furthermore, latest reported outcomes are reviewed.
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