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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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DNA Topoisomerases02:02

DNA Topoisomerases

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Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
Types and Mechanism of action
Topoisomerases are divided into two main types. ...
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DNA Helicases00:55

DNA Helicases

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DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Designing a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami
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Designing a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami

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3D DNA Origami Crystals.

Tao Zhang1, Caroline Hartl1, Kilian Frank1

  • 1Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, München, Germany.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|May 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created rigid 3D DNA crystals using a tensegrity triangle design. These DNA crystals form a lattice with 90% empty space, capable of hosting nanoparticles and macromolecules for advanced material applications.

Keywords:
DNA origami crystalsSAXSgold nanoparticles

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Assembly of Gold Nanorods into Chiral Plasmonic Metamolecules Using DNA Origami Templates
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Area of Science:

  • * Nanotechnology
  • * Materials Science
  • * Structural Biology

Background:

  • * Designing materials at the molecular level requires precise control over structure and guest particle arrangement.
  • * DNA nanotechnology offers a versatile platform for creating complex, self-assembled structures.
  • * Achieving high rigidity and large open spaces in DNA-based crystals is crucial for hosting guest objects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To develop a DNA origami-based tensegrity triangle structure for assembling 3D crystalline lattices.
  • * To create a highly porous crystalline structure with significant empty volume for hosting guest particles.
  • * To demonstrate site-specific incorporation of nanoparticles within the DNA lattice for potential applications.

Main Methods:

  • * Design and assembly of DNA origami tensegrity triangle units.
  • * Formation of a 3D rhombohedral crystalline lattice.
  • * Site-specific placement of gold nanoparticles within the lattice.
  • * Validation using electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).

Main Results:

  • * Successful assembly of a rigid 3D DNA crystalline lattice with a rhombohedral structure.
  • * The lattice exhibits a highly open structure, with 90% of the volume being empty space.
  • * Demonstrated hosting of 20 nm gold nanoparticles in cavities (1.83 × 10^5 nm^3), suitable for macromolecules.
  • * Electron microscopy and SAXS confirmed accurate lattice assembly and particle incorporation.

Conclusions:

  • * DNA building blocks can be engineered to assemble into custom-geometry lattices.
  • * The developed DNA crystals are sufficiently spacious for hosting nano-objects and macromolecules.
  • * This work enables applications in metamaterials and structural biology through site-specific hosting in optically transparent DNA lattices.