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Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
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An atom comprises protons and neutrons, which are contained inside the dense, central core called the nucleus, with electrons present around the nucleus. Taking into account the wave–particle duality of electrons and the uncertainty in position around the nucleus, quantum mechanics provides a more accurate model for the atomic structure. It describes atomic orbitals as the regions around the nucleus where electrons of discrete energy exist, characterized by four quantum...
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Single Particle Cryo-Electron Microscopy: From Sample to Structure
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The Electronic Structure of Beryllium Chains.

Ahmad W Huran1,2, Nadia Ben Amor2, Stefano Evangelisti2

  • 1Institut für Physik , Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , D-06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|May 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We studied beryllium chains (BeN) using electronic structure theory. Both linear and cyclic chains exhibit a covalent insulating nature, differing from bulk beryllium.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational chemistry
  • Materials science
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Beryllium's unique properties are of interest.
  • Understanding the electronic structure of low-dimensional materials is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electronic structure of quasi one-dimensional beryllium chains (BeN) for N = 3-12.
  • To compare the stability and electronic properties of linear and cyclic beryllium chain structures.

Main Methods:

  • Ab initio theoretical calculations.
  • High-quality coupled-cluster formalism.
  • Analysis of energy gaps, position spread tensors, and molecular orbital locality.

Main Results:

  • Both linear and cyclic BeN chains are stable local minima.
  • Linear geometry is most stable only for Be4.
  • One-dimensional beryllium chains possess a covalent insulating nature, unlike bulk beryllium.

Conclusions:

  • Quasi one-dimensional beryllium chains exhibit distinct electronic properties compared to their bulk counterpart.
  • The covalent insulating nature of these chains is supported by electronic structure indicators.