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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

21.3K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

14.4K
In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
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Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

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Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
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Fabrication of Periodic Gold Nanocup Arrays Using Colloidal Lithography
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Colloidal transport through trap arrays controlled by active microswimmers.

Wen Yang1, Vyacheslav R Misko2,3, Fabio Marchesoni3,4

  • 1College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|May 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Active particles can manipulate passive particles in traps. This research explores using self-propelled particles to control colloidal dynamics, with potential applications in biological separations.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft matter physics
  • Colloidal science
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Understanding the behavior of complex fluids and particle mixtures is crucial.
  • Active particles introduce self-propulsion, leading to novel collective dynamics.
  • Confining or extracting particles from specific locations is a key challenge in microfluidics and nanotechnology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of binary mixtures of active and passive colloidal particles.
  • To explore the potential of using active particles to manipulate passive particles within traps.
  • To assess the feasibility of active particle-mediated confinement and extraction.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations of a 2D array of truncated harmonic wells (traps).
  • Modeling a binary mixture of active and passive colloidal particles.
  • Analysis of particle diffusion and collective behavior under varying active particle fractions.

Main Results:

  • Active particles can effectively influence the distribution of passive particles within the traps.
  • A small fraction of active particles can induce confinement or extraction of passive particles.
  • The dynamics are tunable by adjusting the fraction and activity of the particles.

Conclusions:

  • Active colloidal particles offer a promising route for manipulating passive particles in confined environments.
  • This approach has potential applications in biological and medical sciences, such as targeted cell removal or contaminant extraction.
  • The findings contribute to the development of self-propelled nano-robots for microscale manipulation tasks.