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    Area of Science:

    • Demography
    • Public Health
    • Reproductive Health

    Background:

    • Understanding national birth data is crucial for public health policy and resource allocation.
    • Tracking fertility trends and maternal/infant characteristics provides insights into population dynamics and healthcare needs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present comprehensive 2016 data on U.S. births, analyzing trends in fertility and maternal/infant characteristics.
    • To describe and interpret key demographic and health indicators from U.S. birth certificates.

    Main Methods:

    • Descriptive tabulation of data from 3,945,875 U.S. births in 2016.
    • Analysis of maternal characteristics (age, race, marital status, tobacco use, prenatal care), delivery methods, gestational age, birthweight, and plurality.
    • Inclusion of trend data from 2010-2016 for selected items.

    Main Results:

    • Total births decreased 1% from 2015; general fertility rate declined to 62.0 per 1,000 women (15-44).
    • Birth rates decreased for females aged 15-19 and women in their 20s, but increased for women in their 30s and early 40s.
    • Preterm birth rate rose, low birthweight increased 1%, cesarean delivery rate declined, and Medicaid covered 42.6% of births.

    Conclusions:

    • U.S. fertility patterns continued to shift in 2016, with notable changes in birth rates across different age groups.
    • While some indicators like preterm birth and low birthweight showed concerning increases, others like cesarean rates improved.
    • Medicaid remains a primary source of payment for births, highlighting its significance in maternal and child healthcare.