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Related Concept Videos

Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

50.4K
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Aggregates Classification01:29

Aggregates Classification

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Aggregate classification is generally based on its size, petrographic characteristics, weight, and source. Size classification ranges from coarse to fine aggregates, defined by the size of the particles. Coarse aggregates are particles that do not pass through ASTM sieve No. 4, and aggregates that pass through the sieve are fine aggregates.
Petrographic classification groups aggregates based on common mineralogical characteristics. Some of the common mineral groups found in aggregates are...
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
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Inductance: Single-Phase And Three-Phase Line01:28

Inductance: Single-Phase And Three-Phase Line

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Understanding the inductance of transmission lines is crucial for efficient design and operation in electrical power systems. This discussion delves into the inductance characteristics of single-phase two-wire and three-phase three-wire transmission lines with equal phase spacing.
Single-Phase Two-Wire Line:
A single-phase line consists of two solid cylindrical conductors, denoted as x and y. Each conductor carries phasor currents ix and iy, respectively. Given that the sum of these currents is...
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Capacitance: Single-Phase And Three-Phase Line01:25

Capacitance: Single-Phase And Three-Phase Line

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In electrical power systems, understanding the capacitance of transmission lines is fundamental for efficient operation.
Single-Phase Lines
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Generation of Native, Untagged Huntingtin Exon1 Monomer and Fibrils Using a SUMO Fusion Strategy
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Generation of Native, Untagged Huntingtin Exon1 Monomer and Fibrils Using a SUMO Fusion Strategy

Published on: June 27, 2018

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Forms and Phases in Huntingtin Protein Aggregation.

Michael Elbaum1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

Molecular Cell
|May 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Huntingtin protein exon1 with polyQ extensions forms liquid-like condensates that nucleate amyloid filaments. This study visualizes the initial stages of this process, crucial for understanding Huntington's disease pathogenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder linked to polyglutamine (polyQ) expansions in the huntingtin protein.
  • Amyloid-like filaments are a hallmark of protein aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Liquid-like condensates are implicated in cellular organization and disease processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nucleation process of amyloid-like filaments from huntingtin protein exon1 condensates.
  • To visualize the initial formation of these pathogenic protein aggregates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a combination of fluorescence microscopy and electron tomography.
  • Studied liquid-like condensates of huntingtin protein exon1 with polyQ expansions.

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Methods to Study Changes in Inherent Protein Aggregation with Age in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Monitoring Cell-to-cell Transmission of Prion-like Protein Aggregates in Drosophila Melanogaster
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Generation of Native, Untagged Huntingtin Exon1 Monomer and Fibrils Using a SUMO Fusion Strategy
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Monitoring Cell-to-cell Transmission of Prion-like Protein Aggregates in Drosophila Melanogaster
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Main Results:

  • Observed the nucleation of amyloid-like filaments directly from liquid-like condensates.
  • Provided high-resolution structural insights into the early stages of huntingtin aggregation.

Conclusions:

  • Liquid-like condensates of huntingtin protein exon1 serve as nucleation sites for amyloid filament formation.
  • Understanding this nucleation mechanism is vital for developing therapeutic strategies for Huntington's disease.