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Sensorimotor Exercises and Enhanced Trunk Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Steffen Mueller1,2, Tilman Engel1, Juliane Mueller1

  • 1University of Potsdam, University Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine & Sports Orthopaedics, Potsdam, Germany.

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|May 19, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that 6-week sensorimotor training (SMT) and resistance training (RT) improved athletes' trunk response to sudden loading, though not maximum strength. Both SMT and RT offer effective options for enhancing trunk function and preventing back pain.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Athletes require robust trunk strength and rapid response to sudden loading for optimal performance and injury prevention.
  • Traditional resistance training (RT) and emerging sensorimotor training (SMT) are potential interventions to enhance trunk function.
  • Limited research compares the effects of SMT and RT on both maximum trunk strength and dynamic response to perturbations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of a 6-week sensorimotor training (SMT) program versus a resistance training (RT) program on maximum trunk strength and response to sudden, high-intensity loading in athletes.
  • To determine if SMT or RT leads to greater improvements in peak torque during maximal isokinetic testing and during unexpected trunk perturbations.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for therapeutic interventions aimed at improving trunk function and preventing back pain in athletes.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-three healthy, well-trained athletes were randomized into three groups: sensorimotor training (SMT), resistance training (RT), and a control group (CG).
  • Interventions lasted 6 weeks, with training sessions occurring 3 times per week.
  • Maximum isokinetic trunk strength (concentric/eccentric at 30°/s) and response to sudden, high-intensity trunk loading (perturbation) were assessed at baseline and post-intervention, with peak torque measured.

Main Results:

  • Neither SMT nor RT resulted in significant improvements in maximum concentric or eccentric trunk strength compared to the control group (p>0.05).
  • Both SMT and RT groups demonstrated significantly higher peak torque responses to sudden trunk loading perturbations compared to the control group (p<0.05).
  • The RT group showed a greater increase in peak torque for extension perturbations (+35 Nm) compared to SMT (+24 Nm), while SMT showed a greater increase for rotation perturbations (+19 Nm) compared to RT (+5 Nm).

Conclusions:

  • While 6-week SMT and RT interventions yielded minimal gains in maximum isokinetic trunk strength, they significantly enhanced the trunk's ability to respond to sudden, high-intensity loading.
  • Both SMT and RT are viable therapeutic options for improving trunk function and potentially aiding in back pain prevention for athletes.
  • The choice between SMT and RT may depend on individual athlete preferences and specific functional goals, with SMT showing a slight edge in rotational perturbation response and RT in extension response.