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Related Concept Videos

Pulse01:16

Pulse

2.2K
When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
The pulse serves as a clinical...
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Pulse01:05

Pulse

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The pulse is one of the most fundamental physiological indicators of the body's cardiovascular health. It is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of the arterial walls in response to the pressure generated by the heart's pumping action.
Pulse Rate and its Significance
Pulse rate, often measured in beats per minute (bpm), reflects the heart rate (HR), which is influenced by numerous factors such as stress, physical activity, and hormonal changes. A normal resting adult pulse rate falls...
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NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
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Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

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Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
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Regulation of Pulse01:20

Regulation of Pulse

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Pulse regulation involves physiological mechanisms that ensure adequate blood flow throughout the body. The heartbeat, regulated by the autonomic nervous system, is influenced by hormonal balance, physical activity, and emotional state.
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Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

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Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Investigation of Early Plasma Evolution Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses
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Extreme events and single-pulse spatial patterns observed in a self-pulsing all-solid-state laser.

Carlos Bonazzola1, Alejandro Hnilo1, Marcelo Kovalsky1

  • 1Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones (CEILAP), Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), J. B. de La Salle 4397, (1603) Villa Martelli, Argentina.

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Summary

Extreme events (EEs) in lasers, also known as dissipative optical rogue waves, exhibit deterministic behavior. Their formation is linked to specific transverse patterns, offering insights for laser control.

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Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear optics
  • Laser physics
  • Complex systems

Background:

  • Passively Q-switched, self-pulsing all-solid-state lasers are widely used.
  • These lasers exhibit diverse dynamical regimes, including chaos and extreme events (EEs).
  • The formation mechanism of EEs, or dissipative optical rogue waves, in these lasers remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly observe the pulse-to-pulse evolution of transverse patterns in a passively Q-switched laser.
  • To investigate the relationship between transverse patterns and the occurrence of EEs.
  • To understand the deterministic nature of EEs for potential chaos control.

Main Methods:

  • Direct observation of transverse patterns and pulse intensities.
  • Analysis of pattern evolution across different dynamical regimes (periodic and chaotic).
  • Correlation analysis between pulse intensity sequences and transverse patterns.

Main Results:

  • Periodic regimes show intensity-pattern correlations.
  • Chaotic regimes involve alternating patterns, with EEs linked to a few specific patterns.
  • Pre- and post-EE pulse intensities and patterns exhibit significant repetitiveness.
  • EEs were observed to arise from systems with few interacting transverse modes.

Conclusions:

  • Extreme events in this laser system follow a deterministic evolution.
  • EE formation is directly linked to specific, repeating transverse patterns.
  • Understanding this deterministic behavior is crucial for developing mathematical models and controlling EEs in lasers.