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Normal stresses in semiflexible polymer hydrogels.

M Vahabi1, Bart E Vos2, Henri C G de Cagny3

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Biopolymer gels exhibit anomalous tensile stress under torsion due to their porous structure and fluid flow. A new microscopic model explains this behavior and matches experimental results for fibrin gels.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Biopolymer gels like fibrin and collagen develop tensile axial stress when subjected to torsion, a phenomenon opposite to the Poynting effect in synthetic polymers.
  • This anomalous behavior in biopolymer gels is attributed to their open, porous network structure facilitating interstitial fluid flow during shear.
  • Previous work described this using a phenomenological two-fluid model with viscous coupling between the network and solvent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the two-fluid model and develop a microscopic model for the stress tensor components governing the axial response of semiflexible polymer hydrogels.
  • To investigate the relationship between the microscopic model's predictions and experimental observations in fibrin gels.
  • To analyze the transient normal stress behavior in biopolymer gels under torsion.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a microscopic model for the diagonal components of the stress tensor in semiflexible polymer hydrogels.
  • Experimental validation using shear rheometry on fibrin gels.
  • Comparison of model predictions for transient normal stress with time-dependent measurements.

Main Results:

  • The microscopic model predicts that the magnitude of axial stress components is inversely related to the characteristic strain for nonlinear shear stress onset.
  • Experimental shear rheometry on fibrin gels confirmed this inverse relationship.
  • The model accurately predicts the transient behavior of normal stress, showing excellent agreement with measured time-dependent normal stress.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microscopic model successfully explains the anomalous axial stress in biopolymer gels under torsion.
  • The model highlights the critical role of network structure and interstitial fluid flow in this phenomenon.
  • Experimental results validate the model's predictions regarding stress component magnitudes and transient behavior.