Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 10, 2026
06:30
Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats
Published on: May 23, 2025
1.0K
[Advanced periocular basal cell carcinoma-a therapeutic challenge]
B Lauterbach1, V Kakkassery2, D Debus3
1Klinik für Dermatologie, Klinikum Nürnberg, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Prof.-Ernst-Nathan-Str. 1, 90419, Nürnberg, Deutschland. bianca.lauterbach@klinikum-nuernberg.de.
Summary
Vismodegib offers a new treatment for advanced periocular basal cell carcinoma, but its effectiveness in achieving complete remission to avoid surgery requires further investigation. This case highlights the need for ongoing research into novel therapeutic options.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Oncology
Background:
- Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent malignant tumor affecting the eye area.
- Advanced periocular BCC poses treatment challenges, with vismodegib emerging as a potential non-surgical alternative.
Observation:
- A patient with advanced periocular BCC, unsuitable for surgery, received vismodegib treatment.
- Initial tumor response was partial, followed by regrowth despite continued therapy.
- Radical surgical excision with orbital exenteration was ultimately required, leading to patient mortality from septic multi-organ failure.
Findings:
- Vismodegib demonstrated initial efficacy but failed to achieve durable remission in this advanced periocular BCC case.
- The patient's outcome underscores the complexities of treating advanced BCC, even with novel targeted therapies.
Implications:
- Further research is crucial to determine if vismodegib can achieve complete histological remission in advanced BCC, potentially obviating extensive surgery.
- Understanding the optimal role of vismodegib in periocular BCC management is vital for improving patient outcomes and reducing the need for disfiguring procedures.
Related Concept Videos
00:55Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina
3.4K
Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins with high molecular mass found in the extracellular matrix. Each laminin molecule is composed of three chains, viz. alpha, beta, and gamma, coded by five, four, and three paralogous genes, respectively. Laminins are categories based on the compositions of the three chains.
In humans, the five forms of alpha chains are LAMA 1, LAMA 2, LAMA 3, LAMA 4, and LAMA 5. The four forms of beta chains are LAMB 1, LAMB 2, LAMB 3, and LAMB 4. The three forms of gamma...
In humans, the five forms of alpha chains are LAMA 1, LAMA 2, LAMA 3, LAMA 4, and LAMA 5. The four forms of beta chains are LAMB 1, LAMB 2, LAMB 3, and LAMB 4. The three forms of gamma...
3.4K
01:03Basal Lamina are the Specialized Form of ECM
3.9K
The basal lamina is a thin extracellular layer that lies underneath the cells and separates them from other tissues. The three layers of the basal lamina are lamina lucida, lamina densa and lamina reticularis. The basal lamina, a mixture of glycoproteins and collagen, provides an attachment site for the epithelium, separating it from underlying connective tissue. The framework of basal lamina has other essential proteins such as laminins mesh, perlecan, entactin, and type IV collagen.
Proteins...
Proteins...
3.9K
01:05Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina
3.1K
Type IV collagen is a 400 nm long, network-forming collagen that acts as a barrier between the epithelial and endothelial cells. Type IV collagen forms the backbone of the basement membrane by scaffolding with laminin, entactin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. Apart from rendering structural support to the basement membrane, it also helps entail signaling potentials necessary for both pathological and physiological functions.
A type IV collagen molecule has six alpha chains which can...
A type IV collagen molecule has six alpha chains which can...
3.1K
01:13Therapeutic Index
6.9K
The therapeutic index of a drug is a key parameter in pharmacology that quantifies the relative safety of a drug by calculating the ratio between the dose that causes toxicity in half the population (50%) to the dose that proves to be effective for half the population (50%). It provides a spectrum of doses for a particular drug ranging from effective to potentially toxic. To illustrate, consider an anticoagulant agent like warfarin. It possesses a narrow window within its therapeutic index to...
6.9K
02:22Overview of Advanced Functional Groups
30.2K
Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
30.2K
00:56Extraction: Advanced Methods
1.2K
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
1.2K