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"The Evolution of Eyebrow Morphology: The Westmore Model Revisited"
Samer Jabbour1, Marwan Nasr1, Elio Kechichian2
1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Saint-Joseph University Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.
Background:
The most widely recognized eyebrow model was described by Westmore in 1974. With the rapidly changing concept of beauty, an accurate up-to-date model is needed.
Methods:
The Westmore model was tested on fashion models that were randomly selected from the covers of the 1965-1975 (group 1) and 2006-2016 (group 2) Vogue magazine. The eyebrows of fashion models, which represent the beauty ideals of these decades, were objectively measured and compared. We proposed a modified eyebrow model more adapted to the modern standards of beauty, applied it to group 2, and objectively compared it to the Westmore model. This new model was validated on a group of randomly selected Caucasian women.
Results:
Thirty women were included in each group. The medial edge of the eyebrow was better defined by the Westmore model in group 1 compared to group 2. The lateral edge of the eyebrow was better defined by the Westmore model in group 2. The peak of the eyebrow was not well defined by the Westmore model in both groups. The new model was more adapted than the Westmore model for both the medial edge and the peak of the eyebrow in group 2. It was also accurate in non-model Caucasian women.
Conclusion:
Eyebrow morphology has evolved since the description of the Westmore model. Our model represents a simple way to accurately predict the eyebrow landmarks according to the modern ideals of beauty.