Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications
Published on: February 7, 2021
Non-viral delivery of an optogenetic tool into cells with self-healing hydrogel
Fu-Yu Hsieh1, Hao-Wei Han1, Xiao-Ru Chen2
1Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Abstract:
Optogenetics offers unique, temporally precise control of neural activity in genetically targeted specific neurons that express light-sensitive opsin molecules. Three-dimensional (3D) delivery of optogenetics can be realized by co-injection of bacteriorhodopsin (HEBR) plasmid with a chitosan-based self-healing hydrogel with strong shear-thinning properties. The HEBR protein shows photoelectrical properties and can be used as an optical switch for cell activation. We optimize the shear force generated during the process of injection (∼100 Pa), which is transient because of the self-healing nature of the hydrogel. This transient force exerted by the self-healing hydrogel may allow the cytosolic delivery of HEBR plasmid with excellent cell viability and a high efficiency approaching 80%. When excited with green light, HEBR-delivered neural stem cells (NSCs) can proliferate and specifically differentiate into neurons in vitro and rescue the function of nerve impaired zebrafish in vivo. This novel optogenetic method combining 3D injectable self-healing hydrogel offers potential temporal-spatial approaches to treat neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Viral Recombination
Viral Structure
Viral Mutations
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes
Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

