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Artificial structures alter kelp functioning across an urbanised estuary.

M Mayer-Pinto1, K A Dafforn2, A B Bugnot1

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Artificial structures in marine environments impact kelp forests like Ecklonia radiata. Lower kelp erosion on artificial pilings than natural reefs affects detritus export, crucial for coastal habitats.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Marine ecology
  • Coastal habitat assessment
  • Urbanization impacts

Background:

  • Human impacts on natural habitats often focus on species abundance, overlooking physiological effects.
  • Artificial structures are prevalent in marine urban environments, altering habitats.
  • Estuaries integrate diverse natural and anthropogenic stressors, making them ideal for impact studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of artificial structures on the functional properties of the habitat-forming kelp Ecklonia radiata.
  • To compare kelp abundance, growth, erosion, and photosynthetic activity in artificial versus natural habitats within an urbanized estuary.
  • To investigate if infrastructure impacts on kelp vary with human activity levels and natural gradients.

Main Methods:

  • Field surveys comparing kelp abundance and functional traits (growth, erosion, photosynthesis) between artificial and natural substrates.
  • Study conducted across an urbanized estuary (Sydney Harbour) with varying human impact and flushing rates.
  • Analysis of how environmental gradients and substrate type influence kelp responses to artificial structures.

Main Results:

  • Infrastructure effects on kelp functional attributes were consistent across the estuary, irrespective of human impact or environmental gradients.
  • Kelp erosion rates were lower on artificial pilings compared to natural reefs.
  • Differences in kelp responses were largely independent of substrate type.

Conclusions:

  • Artificial structures can alter key ecosystem processes like detritus production by reducing kelp erosion.
  • Reduced detritus export from artificial structures may impact coastal habitat connectivity and secondary productivity.
  • This study highlights the importance of considering physiological and biomechanical effects of urbanization on habitat-forming species for ecosystem functioning.