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GLP-1 receptor agonists and reduction of cardiometabolic risk: Potential underlying mechanisms

Manfredi Rizzo1, Dragana Nikolic2, Angelo Maria Patti2

  • 1Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia 29203, SC, USA.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Basis of Disease
|May 21, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists offer significant cardiovascular benefits beyond glucose control in type 2 diabetes. These therapies reduce weight, lipids, and inflammation, potentially preventing major cardiovascular events.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly increases cardiovascular (CV) risk.
  • Incretin-based therapies (IBTs), particularly GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), are increasingly utilized for T2DM management.
  • IBTs demonstrate glucose-lowering effects without increasing hypoglycemia, alongside beneficial cardiometabolic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of GLP-1RA effects on cardiometabolic markers and CV risk.
  • To highlight recent CV outcome studies and elucidate potential mechanisms of action.
  • To focus on liraglutide's impact on atherosclerotic plaque and its cardioprotective mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical studies and clinical practice data on GLP-1RAs.
  • Analysis of scientific literature focusing on CV outcome trials.
  • Examination of mechanistic studies investigating liraglutide's effects.

Main Results:

  • GLP-1RAs reduce body weight, lipids, blood pressure, inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress.
  • These agents improve endothelial function and reduce subclinical atherosclerosis.
  • Evidence suggests GLP-1RAs reduce and potentially prevent CV events.

Conclusions:

  • IBTs represent a major advancement in T2DM treatment, enabling personalized care and improved metabolic control.
  • GLP-1RAs offer significant cardiovascular protection through multiple mechanisms.
  • Liraglutide demonstrates specific benefits in reducing atherosclerotic plaque progression and providing cardioprotection.
Keywords:
Cardiometabolic parametersCardiovascular riskGlucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonistsType 2 diabetes mellitus

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