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Related Concept Videos

Counterfactual Thinking01:19

Counterfactual Thinking

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Counterfactual thinking is a cognitive process wherein individuals mentally reconstruct alternative versions of past events, often beginning with “what if” or “if only.” This reflective mechanism plays a significant role in shaping emotional experiences and guiding future behavior. Though typically triggered by unfavorable or unexpected outcomes, counterfactual thinking can also emerge in mundane, everyday decisions and experiences, revealing its deep entrenchment in...
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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Assessment of Knowledge of Celiac Disease and Associated Conditions Among Dietitians in Jordan.

International journal of environmental research and public health·2025
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Brain insulin resistance as a mechanistic mediator links peripheral metabolic disorders with declining cognition.

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Physical activity, sedentary behaviors and dietary patterns as risk factors of obesity among Jordanian schoolchildren.

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Association between complement component C3 and body composition: a possible obesity inflammatory biomarker for insulin resistance.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Differentiated Mouse Adipocytes in Primary Culture: A Model of Insulin Resistance
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Thinking about brain insulin resistance.

Reem M Al Haj Ahmad1, Hayder A Al-Domi1

  • 1Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman 11942, Jordan.

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome
|May 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Insulin resistance (IR) links type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and dementia. Understanding brain IR mechanisms is crucial for preventing and treating these growing epidemics.

Keywords:
Blood brain barrier (BBB)NeuronsType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)Type 3 diabetes mellitus (T3DM)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Dementia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are global health crises.
  • Insulin resistance (IR) is a key factor linking T2DM and dementia development.
  • Epidemiological data suggest T2DM promotes various dementia types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of brain insulin and IR in dementia.
  • To explore T2DM as a mediator of brain IR.
  • To elucidate mechanisms underlying the T2DM-dementia association.

Main Methods:

  • A critical review of English articles published up to 2018.
  • Searches conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, ADI, and WHO databases.
  • Keywords included: insulin resistance, T2DM, dementia, and brain insulin resistance.

Main Results:

  • The review highlights the significant role of insulin and IR in the brain's pathophysiology.
  • T2DM acts as a mediator, exacerbating IR in the brain.
  • Mechanistic insights into the association between T2DM and dementia are reviewed.

Conclusions:

  • The rising prevalence of dementia and T2DM necessitates urgent action.
  • Mechanistic studies are vital for developing prevention and treatment guidelines.
  • Addressing IR in the brain is critical for managing these intertwined epidemics.