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Genetically modified mouse models to investigate thyroid development, function and growth.

C Löf1, K Patyra1, A Kero2

  • 1Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
|May 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) signaling in thyroid gland function is explored using genetic mouse models. These models offer insights into thyroid hormone regulation and congenital hypothyroidism (CH) causes.

Keywords:
Cre/loxP-systemDicer1G proteincongenital hypothyroidismmicroRNAthyroid-stimulating hormone receptor

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Molecular Biology
  • Thyroid Gland Physiology and Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones (TH) regulate crucial physiological processes including growth, development, and metabolism.
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) controls thyroid function by binding to its receptor (TSHR) on thyrocytes, activating G protein-mediated signaling pathways (Gs and Gq/11).
  • The roles of other G protein pathways in thyrocytes and the etiology of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review genetic mouse models relevant to thyroid diseases.
  • To highlight the insights gained from these models regarding TSHR and microRNA signaling in thyroid development and function.
  • To explore potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying thyroid disorders, including CH.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on genetically modified mouse models for thyroid diseases.
  • Focus on models investigating the TSHR and microRNA signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of how these models elucidate thyroid gland development, function, and growth.

Main Results:

  • Genetically modified mouse models have been instrumental in understanding thyroid gland biology.
  • These models provide crucial data on the function of TSHR and the impact of microRNA signaling.
  • Insights into the genetic underpinnings of thyroid diseases, including CH, have been advanced.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic mouse models are powerful tools for dissecting complex thyroid pathophysiology.
  • Further research using these models can unravel the precise mechanisms of thyroid hormone regulation and disease.
  • Understanding TSHR and microRNA roles is key to addressing conditions like congenital hypothyroidism.