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The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
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Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy01:15

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The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Pulmonary Physiologic Principles and Management.

Gregory J Schilero1, William A Bauman2, Miroslav Radulovic1

  • 1Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Rehabilitation Research & Development Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, The James J. Peters VAMC, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.

Clinics in Chest Medicine
|May 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Spinal cord injury (SCI) survivors face significant respiratory challenges, impacting long-term survival and quality of life. This review discusses pulmonary complications and management strategies for individuals with SCI.

Keywords:
Airway dynamicsPulmonary functionRespiratory muscle strengthRespiratory symptomsRestrictive airway dysfunctionSleep apneaSpinal cord injury

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pulmonology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) affects thousands annually in the US, with a large chronic population.
  • Despite improved acute care, pulmonary complications remain a leading cause of mortality in SCI survivors.
  • Reduced life expectancy persists in SCI individuals compared to the general population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review global changes in pulmonary function following SCI.
  • To discuss the pathophysiology of respiratory dysfunction in SCI.
  • To explore management options for respiratory muscle weakness and pulmonary clearance in SCI.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on pulmonary function in SCI.
  • Analysis of pathophysiology related to respiratory complications.
  • Examination of current and emerging management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Respiratory dysfunction is a major concern in SCI, particularly cervical SCI.
  • Sleep-disordered breathing is highly prevalent in individuals with cervical SCI.
  • Pulmonary complications significantly affect mortality rates in the SCI population.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of respiratory issues is crucial for improving survival and quality of life in SCI patients.
  • Addressing respiratory muscle weakness and enhancing pulmonary clearance are key therapeutic goals.
  • Further research into sleep-disordered breathing in cervical SCI is warranted.