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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Longitudinal Studies01:26

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Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
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Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests01:24

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Renal function tests are crucial for assessing kidney health, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating the kidneys' efficiency in waste elimination, fluid balance, and electrolyte regulation. These tests offer critical insights into kidney function, even though routine measurements may appear normal until there is a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate or GFR. Typically, signs of kidney impairment only become evident when the GFR falls to about 50% of its normal level.
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The setting time of cement refers to the process of cement paste transitioning from a plastic state to a solid state. This process is crucial in construction as it dictates the timeframe for concrete placement, compaction, and finishing. The onset of this solidification is termed the initial set, indicating when the paste becomes unworkable. The final set is when the paste has solidified completely, and further handling or manipulation can no longer affect its shape. The cement strength is...
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Related Experiment Video

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A Telemetric, Gravimetric Platform for Real-Time Physiological Phenotyping of Plant&#8211;Environment Interactions
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Set-Based Tests for the Gene-Environment Interaction in Longitudinal Studies.

Zihuai He1, Min Zhang1, Seunggeun Lee1

  • 1Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan.

Journal of the American Statistical Association
|May 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a robust statistical test for gene-environment interactions in longitudinal studies. This new method enhances power and is resilient to model misspecification, improving genetic association analysis.

Keywords:
Gene-environment independenceGeneralized score testMESA neighborhood studyModel misspecificationRobustness

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Biostatistics
  • Statistical genetics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Gene-environment (GxE) interactions are crucial for understanding complex diseases.
  • Longitudinal quantitative traits require specialized methods for GxE interaction analysis.
  • Existing set-based GxE tests face challenges with high-dimensional models and misspecification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a generalized score type test for set-based GxE interaction analysis.
  • To develop a method robust to within-subject correlation structure misspecification.
  • To enhance statistical power for detecting GxE interactions in longitudinal data.

Main Methods:

  • A generalized score type test is proposed for set-based GxE interaction.
  • Robustness to main effect model misspecification is demonstrated under gene-environment independence.
  • A method of sieves and weighted principal component analysis are used for bias elimination and dimension reduction.

Main Results:

  • The proposed test demonstrates robustness to main effect misspecification.
  • Enhanced power is achieved compared to existing GxE interaction tests.
  • The method effectively handles high-dimensional genetic data and potential environmental exposure misspecification.

Conclusions:

  • The generalized score type test provides a powerful and robust approach for set-based GxE interaction analysis.
  • The method is applicable to longitudinal quantitative traits, as demonstrated in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.
  • This approach advances the statistical toolkit for genetic epidemiology and personalized medicine.