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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

High-precision Electromagnetic Flowmeter with Empty Pipe Detection via Complex Programmable Logic Device-based Waveform Recognition
Published on: June 27, 2025
The development of a novel AND logic based fluorescence probe for the detection of peroxynitrite and GSH
Adam C Sedgwick1, Hai-Hao Han2, Jordan E Gardiner1
1Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Bath , BA2 7AY , UK . Email: a.c.sedgwick@bath.ac.uk ; Email: s.d.bull@bath.ac.uk ;
Abstract:
We have developed a novel AND logic based fluorescence probe for the simultaneous detection of ONOO- and GSH (GSH-PF3). The GSH-PF3 probe was synthesised over three steps starting from commercially available fluorescein. The probe was constructed by attaching the GSH reactive motif, 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl, to the previously reported boronate fluorescence based probe, PF3. GSH-PF3 produced only a small fluorescence response towards the addition of GSH or ONOO- separately. However, when the probe was exposed to both analytes, there was a significant (40-fold) fluorescence enhancement. GSH-PF3 demonstrated an excellent selectivity towards both GSH and ONOO-. In cellular imaging experiments the probe was shown to be cell permeable with no 'turn-on' response observed for the addition of either GSH or ONOO- separately. However, in the presence of both analytes, a clear fluorescence response was observed in live cells. GSH-PF3 was further able to monitor the co-existence of metabolically produced ONOO- and GSH by exogenous stimulation.
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