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Visual working memory span in adults with cochlear implants: Some preliminary findings.

Aaron C Moberly1, David B Pisoni2, Michael S Harris1

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Summary

Verbal working memory (WM) weakly relates to speech recognition in adults with cochlear implants (CIs). Despite predictions, CI users matched normal-hearing peers on most WM tasks and excelled in symbol span accuracy, suggesting compensatory strategies.

Keywords:
Cochlear implantsDigit spanSensorineural hearing lossSpeech perceptionVerbal working memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Audiology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Verbal working memory (WM) is crucial for speech recognition, especially with degraded auditory signals.
  • Cochlear implants (CIs) restore hearing but may impact cognitive functions like WM due to prior auditory deprivation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between visual measures of verbal WM and speech recognition in postlingual adults with CIs and normal-hearing (NH) peers.
  • To compare WM performance (accuracy and speed) across different visual span tasks (digits, objects, symbols) between CI users and NH individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 30 postlingual CI users and 34 NH controls.
  • Participants completed sentence recognition tests and visual WM tasks (digit span, object span, symbol span).

Main Results:

  • Digit span WM accuracy correlated with speech recognition in CI users, but not in NH peers.
  • WM performance varied by task, with digit span showing the highest accuracy and fastest response times, followed by object span, then symbol span.
  • CI users and NH peers showed comparable WM accuracy and response times for digit and object spans, with CI users outperforming NH peers in symbol span accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Visual WM tasks show a weak correlation with speech recognition in degraded auditory conditions.
  • CI users generally perform comparably to NH peers on visual WM tasks, challenging the hypothesis of widespread cognitive deficits.
  • CI users' superior performance on the symbol span task suggests the development of compensatory verbal coding strategies due to prolonged auditory deprivation.