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Bacteriolysis - a mere laboratory curiosity?

Isaac Ginsburg1, Erez Koren2

  • 1a Institute for Dental sciences, The Hebrew University Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem Campus , Jerusalem , Israel.

Critical Reviews in Microbiology
|May 22, 2018
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Summary

Bacteriolysis, the process of bacterial cell lysis, may worsen sepsis by releasing toxic components like histones. This review explores bacteriolysis

Keywords:
Bacteriolysishistonesepsissynergism

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Bacteriolysis, the lysis of bacteria, has been linked to immune responses since 1893.
  • Antimicrobial peptides and beta-lactam antibiotics can induce bacteriolysis and release cell-wall components.
  • Sepsis pathophysiology may involve toxic nuclear histone released from activated neutrophils (PMNs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-examine the concept of bacteriolysis.
  • To investigate the potential role of bacteriolysis in sepsis pathogenesis and post-infectious complications.
  • To address the underrepresentation of bacteriolysis in critical care literature.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and conceptual analysis.
  • Examination of historical and recent findings on bacteriolysis.
  • Synthesis of information on PMN traps, histones, and beta-lactam antibiotics.

Main Results:

  • Bacteriolysis can release bacterial components that may contribute to inflammation.
  • Beta-lactam antibiotics, known to induce bacteriolysis, raise concerns about their impact on sepsis.
  • Histones released from PMN traps are implicated as a major cause of sepsis mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Bacteriolysis may play a significant, yet underappreciated, role in sepsis.
  • The interaction between bacteriolysis, histone release, and inflammation requires further investigation.
  • Understanding bacteriolysis is crucial for managing sepsis and its sequelae.