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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
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[18F]FDG-PET/CT texture analysis in thyroid incidentalomas: preliminary results.

M Sollini1, L Cozzi2,1, G Pepe3

  • 11Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20090 Pieve Emanuele (Milan), Italy.

European Journal of Hybrid Imaging
|May 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Texture analysis of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans can help differentiate benign from malignant thyroid incidentalomas. This approach may improve the selection of patients requiring further cytological examination.

Keywords:
IncidentalomaRadiomicsTexture analysisThyroid[18F]FDG-PET/CT

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear medicine imaging
  • Radiomics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • The clinical significance of incidental thyroid 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans is debated.
  • Thyroid incidentalomas detected on PET/CT require accurate diagnosis to guide management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy of [18F]FDG-PET/CT texture analysis in predicting the final diagnosis of thyroid incidentalomas.
  • To determine if texture analysis can differentiate between benign and malignant thyroid nodules found incidentally on PET/CT scans.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 50 patients with thyroid incidentalomas and available fine needle aspiration (FNA) or histological data.
  • Segmentation of PET images using 40% SUVmax threshold and texture analysis performed with LifeX software.
  • Statistical analysis to compare texture features between benign and malignant nodules, including ROC analysis for predictor identification.

Main Results:

  • Of 50 patients, 32 had benign nodules and 18 had malignant nodules (15 primary thyroid cancers, 3 metastases).
  • Significant differences were observed in SUVmax (p=0.01) and skewness (p=0.02) between benign and malignant nodules.
  • Skewness demonstrated the best area under the curve (0.66) among tested textural features, while SUV-based parameters offered higher specificity and MTV, TLG, skewness, kurtosis, and correlation_GLCM offered better sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • [18F]FDG-PET/CT texture analysis shows promise in stratifying patients with thyroid incidentalomas based on malignancy risk.
  • This technique could potentially refine the selection of patients who need to undergo cytology for suspected malignant thyroid nodules.