Recent technological advancements in tuberculosis diagnostics - A review.

Area of Science:

• Medical Diagnostics
• Nanotechnology
• Infectious Disease Control

Background:

• Tuberculosis (TB) control relies on early diagnosis and effective treatment, but conventional methods take weeks.
• Emerging drug-resistant strains (MDR-TB, XDR-TB) complicate diagnosis and treatment.
• There is a critical need for rapid and accurate TB detection methods.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current and developing TB detection techniques.
• To highlight advancements in nano-biosensing technologies for TB diagnosis.
• To discuss progress in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, including molecular and non-molecular methods.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on TB diagnostic tools.
• Focus on nano-biosensing principles and applications.
• Analysis of progress in POC devices and Lab-on-Chip technology.

Main Results:

• Development of diverse portable, sensitive, and rapid biosensors for early TB detection.
• Significant progress in various POC diagnostic tools, both molecular and non-molecular.
• Emerging Lab-on-Chip technologies show promise for TB diagnosis and management.

Conclusions:

• Nano-biosensing technologies offer significant potential for improving MTB detection and clinical management.
• Rapid diagnostic tools are essential for timely TB treatment and disease control.
• Continued research in POC and nano-biosensing is vital for combating TB effectively.