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Related Concept Videos

Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

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Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Compact Bone01:27

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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The Hyoid Bone01:12

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The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
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Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

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All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Undecalcified Bone Preparation for Histology, Histomorphometry and Fluorochrome Analysis
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Undecalcified Bone Preparation for Histology, Histomorphometry and Fluorochrome Analysis

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Bone Area Histomorphometry.

Janna M Andronowski1, Christian Crowder2

  • 1Department of Biology, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325-3908.

Journal of Forensic Sciences
|May 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Measuring total bone area in the sixth rib offers a more accurate and less subjective method for estimating adult age compared to solely assessing cortical bone loss. This histological approach improves forensic anthropology techniques.

Keywords:
age-at-death estimationbone areacancellous bonecortical boneforensic sciencehistomorphometry

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Anthropology
  • Osteology
  • Human Age Estimation

Background:

  • Cortical bone loss quantification is a histological method for adult age estimation.
  • Current measurements of cortical area are subjective and disregard cancellous bone, limiting accuracy.
  • There is a need for more objective and comprehensive histological measures for age estimation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if measuring total bone area (cortical + cancellous) improves histological age estimation of the sixth rib compared to cortical area alone.
  • To determine the reliability and objectivity of bone area measurements in age estimation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mid-shaft rib cross-sections (n=114) from individuals aged 16-87 years.
  • Measurements included total cross-sectional area, cortical area, bone area, relative bone area, relative cortical area, and endosteal area.
  • Comparison of measurements between males and females.

Main Results:

  • Males exhibited larger mean total cross-sectional area, bone area, and cortical area than females.
  • Females showed a larger mean endosteal area and greater mean relative measure values.
  • Relative bone area demonstrated a significant correlation with age.

Conclusions:

  • Relative bone area is a less subjective and more accurate histological measure for adult age estimation than cortical area alone.
  • Incorporating cancellous bone measurements enhances the reliability of age estimation from rib histology.
  • This method offers improved accuracy for forensic and anthropological applications.