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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

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The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
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Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

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Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
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Related Experiment Videos

Nutrigenomics and antioxidants.

Nasséra Chalabi1,2, Dominique J Bernard-Gallon1,2, Marie-Paule Vasson3,4

  • 1Centre Jean Perrin, Département d'Oncogénétique, 58 Rue Montalembert, BP 392, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 01, France. yves-jean.bignon@cjp.fr.

Personalized Medicine
|May 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Nutrigenomics explores how diet impacts gene expression, identifying biomarkers for disease prevention. This field uses nutrients and antioxidants to combat oxidative stress and develop personalized medicine strategies.

Keywords:
antioxidantgene expressiongenomicsnutrition

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Nutrition
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The human genome era enables 'omics' disciplines.
  • Nutrigenomics bridges nutrition and genetics to study nutrient-gene interactions.
  • Oxidative stress from metabolism can cause mutations and cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To understand how nutrients modulate gene expression.
  • To identify biomarkers for diet-related disease prevention.
  • To explore the role of dietary antioxidants in health.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological studies on dietary antioxidants.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways influenced by nutrients.
  • Exploration of nutrigenomics applications.

Main Results:

  • Dietary antioxidants in fruits and vegetables may prevent diseases.
  • Nutrigenomics offers insights into nutrition research.
  • Potential for nutraceuticals and personalized medicine.

Conclusions:

  • Nutrigenomics is key to understanding diet's role in health and disease.
  • Dietary components can influence gene expression and health outcomes.
  • This field promises innovative approaches to disease prevention and personalized medicine.