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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Strain Gauge Bridge or Wheatstone Bridge01:15

Design Example: Strain Gauge Bridge or Wheatstone Bridge

1.0K
The utilization of strain gauges as transducers for converting mechanical strain into electrical signals is a common practice in various engineering applications. These strain gauges are frequently integrated into Wheatstone bridge circuits to accurately measure parameters such as force or pressure. Within this context, each element within the circuit exhibits a resistance that undergoes subtle variations when subjected to mechanical strain. The primary objective is to convert minuscule...
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Wheatstone Bridge01:29

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An ohmmeter is a resistance-measuring device. It works by applying a voltage to a resistor of unknown resistance and measuring the current across the resistor. The resistance value is deduced using Ohm's law. Usually, the standard configuration of an ohmmeter comprises a voltmeter or an ammeter. However, such configurations are limited in accuracy because the meters alter the voltage applied to the resistor and the current that flows through it.
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Bridge rectifier01:24

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The bridge rectifier is essential in electronics for efficiently converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). Comprised of four diodes configured in a bridge layout, this rectifier effectively processes both the positive and negative halves of the AC waveform, making it superior to half-wave and full-wave center-tapped rectifiers in terms of voltage regulation and output stability.
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Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

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As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
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Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Bridged Bicyclic Products: Stereochemistry01:29

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Diels–Alder reactions between cyclic dienes locked in an s-cis configuration and dienophiles yield bridged bicyclic products.
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The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.
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The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids
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A bridge over troubled questions.

Maria Grazia Daidone1, Marco A Pierotti2

  • 1Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Determinants of Prognosis & Treatment Response Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology & Laboratories, Via G Venezian 1, 20133 Milano, Italy. mariagrazia.daidone@istitutotumori.mi.it.

Personalized Medicine
|May 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Gene expression signatures offer a more accurate prognosis for early breast cancer than traditional methods. These signatures may guide individualized therapy decisions, potentially reducing overtreatment and improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
breast cancergene-expression profileprognosistreatment response

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Current breast cancer classification and understanding of metastatic progression are challenged by gene-expression profiling.
  • Traditional clinical risk-classification systems may lead to overtreatment in early-stage breast cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate gene expression signatures for improved prognostic classification and prediction of treatment response in breast cancer.
  • To integrate findings from patient tumors and cell lines to identify genomic signatures for individualized therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 964 early-stage breast cancer patients.
  • Utilized gene-expression signatures based on functional criteria.
  • Integrated gene-expression data from patient tumors and cell lines.

Main Results:

  • Functional gene-expression signatures improved prognostic classification compared to the Adjuvant! Online clinicopathological model.
  • Genomic signatures were identified that predict individual sensitivity to cytotoxic agents and multidrug therapies.
  • These signatures may help bridge the gap between prognosis and treatment response.

Conclusions:

  • Gene expression signatures show promise in refining breast cancer prognosis and guiding individualized treatment decisions.
  • Further validation in independent patient populations is needed to confirm the clinical utility of these signatures.
  • Potential to reduce overtreatment in early breast cancer by better identifying high-risk patients and predicting treatment efficacy.