Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 10, 2026
07:11
Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
Published on: May 25, 2020
6.9K
Systemic medication usage in glaucoma patients.
Tenley Bower1, Deborah Anne Samek2, Ahmed Mohammed3
1?>Department of Ophthalmology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Que; University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.
Summary
Glaucoma patients frequently use multiple systemic medications. Steroid use was linked to more severe chronic open-angle glaucoma (COAG), but other common drug classes showed no association with glaucoma severity or prevalence.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pharmacology
- Public Health
Background:
- Glaucoma patients often manage their condition with topical treatments.
- The impact of systemic medication use on glaucoma is not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of systemic medication use in glaucoma patients.
- To determine the relationship between systemic drug classes and the prevalence and severity of chronic open-angle glaucoma (COAG) and primary-angle closure glaucoma (PACG).
Main Methods:
- An observational, prospective, single-center, cross-sectional study.
- Systemic medication lists were collected from 514 glaucoma patients.
- Univariate statistics analyzed the association between medication use and glaucoma type/severity.
Main Results:
- Patients used an average of 4.9 oral medications.
- Commonly used systemic drugs included antihypertensives (49%), anticholinergics (35%), steroids (19%), anticoagulants (42%), and thyroid hormones (21%).
- Steroid use correlated with advanced visual field loss in COAG patients.
Conclusions:
- Glaucoma patients commonly use numerous systemic medications alongside topical glaucoma treatments.
- Systemic steroid use may be associated with increased glaucoma severity, specifically in COAG.
- Antihypertensives and anticholinergic medications were not significantly associated with glaucoma severity or prevalence in this cohort.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Glaucoma: Overview
1.4K
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
1.4K
01:27Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment
1.0K
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
1.0K
01:23Inhaled Medications
818
Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
818
01:28Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment
1.3K
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
1.3K
01:18Second Order systems II
412
In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
412
01:21First Order Systems
434
First-order systems, such as RC circuits, are foundational in understanding dynamic systems due to their straightforward input-output relationship. Analyzing their responses to different input functions under zero initial conditions reveals significant insights into system behavior.
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...
434