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Related Concept Videos

Sign Convention01:30

Sign Convention

3.5K
When analyzing a beam subjected to various loads, it is crucial to understand the internal forces and moments generated within the structure. These internal forces can be broadly classified into normal forces, shear forces, and bending moments. To determine these forces and moments, we use the method of sections and apply a specific sign convention based on their direction and the side of the section being analyzed.
The normal force acts perpendicular to the beam's cross-section and can...
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Enolate Mechanism Conventions01:15

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When a carbonyl compound is treated with a strong base, the α position gets deprotonated to give a resonance-stabilized intermediate called an enolate. Enolates are ambident nucleophiles because they possess two nucleophilic sites that can attack an electrophile owing to the delocalization of the negative charge between the α carbon and oxygen atoms. When the oxygen atom attacks an electrophile, it is called O-attack, whereas electrophilic attack via the α carbon is known as...
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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

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Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
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Multiple Allele Traits01:49

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The Concept of Multiple Allelism
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Multiple Regression01:25

Multiple Regression

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Multiple regression assesses a linear relationship between one response or dependent variable and two or more independent variables. It has many practical applications.
Farmers can use multiple regression to determine the crop yield based on more than one factor, such as water availability, fertilizer, soil properties, etc. Here, the crop yield is the response or dependent variable as it depends on the other independent variables. The analysis requires the construction of a scatter plot...
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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
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Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

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Conventional and advanced MRI in multiple sclerosis.

C Louapre1

  • 1Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Paris, France; Département de neurologie, CIC Neurosciences, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Bâtiment ICM, 75013 Paris, France.

Revue Neurologique
|May 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring multiple sclerosis (MS). Advanced MRI techniques offer deeper insights into MS pathology, potentially resolving the clinicoradiological paradox and predicting neurodegeneration.

Keywords:
AtrophyMRIMultiple sclerosisQuantitative MRIT2 lesion volume

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is integral to multiple sclerosis (MS) management.
  • T2-weighted/FLAIR lesions are key diagnostic features in MS, evolving with diagnostic criteria revisions.
  • Lesion development predicts disability and progression, yet T2 lesion volume changes can be misleading (clinicoradiological paradox).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how advanced MRI techniques provide insights into MS pathophysiology beyond conventional lesion detection.
  • To investigate the potential of advanced MRI in unraveling the clinicoradiological paradox in MS.
  • To assess the utility of advanced MRI in providing early measures of neurodegeneration in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing advanced MRI techniques to quantify pathological processes in vivo.
  • Investigating sub-surface MS pathology beyond visible white matter lesions.
  • Analyzing MRI data to correlate imaging findings with clinical outcomes and disease progression.

Main Results:

  • Advanced MRI techniques quantify in vivo pathological processes in MS.
  • These methods offer insights into MS pathophysiology beyond white matter lesions.
  • Advanced MRI aids in understanding the clinicoradiological paradox by revealing sub-surface abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced MRI techniques are essential for a comprehensive understanding of MS.
  • These methods help resolve the clinicoradiological paradox by detecting sub-surface pathology.
  • Advanced MRI provides early detection of tissue abnormalities, potentially predicting neurodegeneration before irreversible damage occurs.