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Multiple convergent supergene evolution events in mating-type chromosomes.

Sara Branco1,2, Fantin Carpentier1, Ricardo C Rodríguez de la Vega1

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Convergent evolution repeatedly shapes fungal genomes, forming supergenes by linking mating-type loci. This genomic architecture evolves independently, highlighting strong selection for coordinated mating traits in fungi.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Convergent adaptation offers insights into evolutionary predictability and biological diversification.
  • Supergenes, representing beneficial gene linkage, are significant adaptations, yet their prevalence and evolutionary dynamics remain underexplored.
  • Previous research identified supergene formation via rearrangements linking mating-type loci in anther-smut fungi.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and evolutionary patterns of supergene formation in closely related fungal species.
  • To understand the role of chromosomal rearrangements in the evolution of mating-type determination.
  • To identify convergent genomic transitions and their impact on phenotype evolution.

Main Methods:

  • High-quality genome assemblies were utilized to analyze chromosomal structures.
  • Identification of independent cases of chromosomal rearrangements leading to suppressed recombination.
  • Comparative genomic analysis across related species to detect evolutionary strata and associated genomic changes.

Main Results:

  • Four additional independent instances of chromosomal rearrangements forming supergenes were discovered in closely related species.
  • Convergent evolution of genomic architecture for mating-type determination was observed, indicating strong selection for linked mating-type loci.
  • Independent evolutionary strata, characterized by rearrangements, gene loss, and transposable element accumulation, were identified in multiple species.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates remarkable convergence in mating-type chromosome evolution across fungal species.
  • Recurrent supergene formation and the evolution of similar phenotypes through distinct genomic changes are evident.
  • These findings underscore the power of selection in driving specific genomic architectures for crucial biological functions like mating compatibility.