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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
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Renal Clearance01:23

Renal Clearance

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The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a critical marker of kidney function, reflecting the efficiency of filtration by the glomeruli. Renal clearance of specific substances, such as inulin or creatinine, is commonly used to measure GFR.
Renal clearance refers to the volume of plasma cleared of a specific substance, such as creatinine, per unit of time. To measure clearance, urine samples are collected over a 24-hour period during each bladder voiding, followed by a single blood sample at the...
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Renal Drug Clearance: Comparison Between Renal Excretion Methods01:08

Renal Drug Clearance: Comparison Between Renal Excretion Methods

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Renal clearance is a critical parameter encompassing kidney filtration, secretion, and reabsorption processes. It is calculated using a specific equation to determine the rate at which the kidneys clear a drug.
Renal clearance is often associated with the renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which represents the rate at which plasma is filtered through the glomeruli in the kidney. When drug reabsorption is minimal and there is no active secretion, renal clearance is closely related to the...
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Drug Elimination: Non-Renal Routes01:23

Drug Elimination: Non-Renal Routes

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The liver plays a pivotal role in eliminating drugs and their metabolites, primarily through a process known as biliary excretion. This process involves the hepatocytes, the primary cells in the liver that generate bile. A range of transporters actively expels polar drugs or hydrophilic drug metabolites into the bile, which transports the drugs and metabolites into the small intestine. From here, they are eventually expelled from the body through feces. In some instances, the original drug or a...
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Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct01:24

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

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The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
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Direct Drug Delivery to Kidney via the Renal Artery
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[Renal Infarction: multicentric cases in Piedmont].

Daria Motta1, Andrea Airoldi2, Serena Bainotti3

  • 1S.C. Nefrologia e Dialisi, Martini Torino.

Giornale Italiano Di Nefrologia : Organo Ufficiale Della Societa Italiana Di Nefrologia
|May 23, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Renal infarction diagnosis is often delayed, impacting treatment. Key symptoms include fever, hypertension, and pain, with elevated LDH and CRP common laboratory findings.

Keywords:
atrial fibrillationcoagulopathykidney failurerenal infarction

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Radiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Renal infarction is a rare condition with varied presentations.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for preserving kidney function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze clinical, instrumental, and laboratory features of renal infarction.
  • To evaluate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for renal infarction.

Main Methods:

  • An observational, polycentric review of 48 renal infarction cases diagnosed via Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) between 2013-2015.
  • Cases were categorized by etiology: cardio-embolic, coagulation abnormalities, or other/idiopathic.

Main Results:

  • The median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 2 days.
  • Common symptoms included fever (67%), hypertension (58%), and pain (54%).
  • Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were observed in 96% and 94% of cases, respectively. Cardio-embolic cases were older, while coagulation abnormalities and idiopathic cases showed higher rates of smoking.

Conclusions:

  • Despite characteristic features, a significant diagnostic delay persists.
  • Timely diagnosis is essential for effective therapeutic intervention in renal infarction.