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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.8K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.8K
Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

24.9K
Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
24.9K
Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

52.6K
Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
52.6K
Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

1.8K
The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
1.8K
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

16.2K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.2K
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

26.2K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
26.2K

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Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing
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Three-Dimensional, Solid-State Mixed Electron-Ion Conductive Framework for Lithium Metal Anode.

Shaomao Xu1,2, Dennis W McOwen1,2, Chengwei Wang1,2

  • 1Maryland Energy Innovation Institute , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States.

Nano Letters
|May 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a 3D mixed electron/ion conducting framework (3D-MCF) using carbon nanotubes and garnet structures. This 3D-MCF enables stable lithium metal anodes in solid-state batteries, overcoming dendrite growth and interfacial resistance issues.

Keywords:
3D lithiumgarnet electrolytehigh current lithium cyclinglithium metal anodemixed electron/ion conductorsolid state battery

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are crucial for lithium metal anodes in solid-state batteries.
  • Challenges include lithium dendrite growth, high interfacial resistance, and low current density operation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a 3D mixed electron/ion conducting framework (3D-MCF) for 3D solid-state lithium metal anodes.
  • To address limitations of current solid-state battery technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a porous-dense-porous trilayer garnet electrolyte via tape casting.
  • Conformal coating of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the porous garnet structure to create the 3D-MCF.
  • Introduction of lithium metal into the 3D-MCF via slow electrochemical deposition.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a low interfacial resistance of 25 Ω cm² due to improved anode-electrolyte contact.
  • Demonstrated highly uniform lithium deposition within the porous garnet structure.
  • Enabled stable lithium cycling at an elevated areal current density of 1 mA/cm².

Conclusions:

  • The 3D-MCF provides a promising host for lithium metal anodes in solid-state batteries.
  • This approach facilitates uniform lithium deposition and stable cycling at high current densities.
  • Offers a new design strategy for advanced solid-state lithium metal batteries.