Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Nasolacrimal Lavage as a Treatment for Ocular Surface Toxic Soup Syndrome
Published on: April 25, 2025
Ocular toxoplasmosis: adverse reactions to treatment in a Brazilian cohort
Lusiele Guaraldo1, Bianca Balzano de la Fuente Villar1, Nicolle Marins Gomes Durão1
1Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
Background:
The purpose of this study was to estimate the frequency and describe the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with the classic treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT), namely sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine, corticosteroids and folinic acid.
Methods:
We performed a descriptive study of a prospective cohort of patients with OT treated with the classic therapy. Data were collected during medical consultations and treatment.
Results:
Of the 147 patients studied, 85% developed one or more ADR. Women presented more ADRs than men (95% vs 77%). Of the total reactions (n=394), 82% were mild, but we found one life-threatening event (Stevens-Johnson syndrome). The most frequent types (71%) of ADRs were gastrointestinal, skin and neurological or psychiatric. The majority of ADRs (90.3%) occurred before the second week of treatment. A third of the patients were treated for the ADR and 10% dropped out of OT treatment. Most (70%) of the ADRs were characterized as being probably caused by the drugs and may be associated with prednisone, sulfadiazine and sulfadiazine/prednisone. Six percent of ADRs were not previously described, such as taste alteration, constipation/bloating, dyspnoea, sweating and somnolence.
Conclusions:
Our results suggest a high rate of ADRs to OT classic treatment, which requires careful follow-up in order to identify and treat ADRs early.
Related Concept Videos
Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects
Unlike...
Reaction Mechanisms
For instance, the decomposition of ozone appears to follow a mechanism with two steps:
Determining Order of Reaction
Reaction Yield

