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Evaluating Previous Antibiotic Use as a Risk Factor for Acute Gastroenteritis Among Children in Davidson County,

Jonathan M Kolsin1,2, Benjamin A Lopman1, Daniel C Payne2

  • 1Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
|May 23, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Previous antibiotic use in children significantly increases the risk of acute gastroenteritis (AGE), regardless of the cause. This association is stronger with recent antibiotic exposure and linked to more severe illness.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Antimicrobial Stewardship

Background:

  • Limited epidemiologic data exists on the link between prior antibiotic use and acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children.
  • Understanding this relationship is crucial for pediatric health and antimicrobial stewardship.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between previous antibiotic exposure and the occurrence of AGE in pediatric patients.
  • To explore the relationship between antibiotic use and the severity of acute gastroenteritis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of inpatient and outpatient children diagnosed with AGE and healthy controls.
  • Utilized logistic regression to assess the association between prior antibiotic use and overall AGE, specific etiologies (norovirus, rotavirus), and AGE severity.
  • Data collected from December 2014 to November 2015 at Vanderbilt University Medical Center.

Main Results:

  • Children with AGE were significantly more likely to have used antibiotics within 3 months (2.6x) and 3 weeks (4.6x) prior to illness onset compared to controls.
  • Antibiotic use rates were elevated across all AGE outcome groups (21-28%) versus healthy controls (9%).
  • Inpatient status further increased the odds of prior antibiotic use (3.5x) in the 3 months preceding AGE.

Conclusions:

  • Previous antibiotic use is independently associated with an increased risk of acute gastroenteritis in children, irrespective of the causative agent.
  • The association between antibiotic use and AGE is dose-dependent, with more recent use showing a stronger link.
  • Prior antibiotic exposure is also correlated with increased severity of acute gastroenteritis.
Abstract

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