Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Polymalic Acid-based Nano Biopolymers for Targeting of Multiple Tumor Markers: An Opportunity for Personalized Medicine?
Published on: June 13, 2014
Pharmacogenomics steps toward personalized medicine
Hong-Guang Xie1,2, Felix W Frueh1,2
1Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA. hong-guang.xie@vanderbilt.edu.
Abstract:
The goal of personalized medicine is to maximize the likelihood of therapeutic efficacy and to minimize the risk of drug toxicity for an individual patient. One of the major contributors to this concept is pharmacogenomics. Marked interindividual genetic variation contributes significantly to both susceptibility to diseases, and response to drugs. Even though pharmacogenomics is not a new science, the translation of pharmacogenomics into clinical practice (i.e., personalized medicine) has not taken place at the same pace as science is delivering new results. It is felt that a large number of recent pharmacogenomic findings allow bold steps to be taken toward personalized medicine. This review collates a variety of examples that have great potential for immediate and effective introduction into clinical practice. In addition, other exploratory examples with a particular focus on drug safety and targeted cancer therapy are summarized.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics
Personal Identity
Rate-Determining Steps
In a multistep reaction mechanism, one of the elementary steps progresses significantly slower than the others. This slowest step is called the rate-limiting step (or rate-determining step). A reaction cannot proceed faster than its slowest step, and hence, the rate-determining step limits the overall reaction rate.
The concept of rate-determining step can be understood from the analogy of a 4-lane freeway with a short-stretch of traffic-bottleneck caused due to...
Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality
Psychodynamic theorists argue that unconscious...
Self-Report Tests of Personality

