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Concepts and Methods to Access Novel Antibiotics from Actinomycetes
Joachim J Hug1,2, Chantal D Bader3,4, Maja Remškar5,6
1Department Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. joachim.hug@helmholtz-hzi.de.
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 24, 2018
Summary
Actinomycetes are a rich source of natural products, but many remain uncultured. New methods combining cultivation, genomics, and metabolomics unlock their potential for novel antibiotic discovery.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Natural Product Chemistry
- Bioinformatics
Background:
- Actinomycetes have historically yielded crucial drugs due to their diverse secondary metabolites.
- The majority of microbial secondary metabolite producers remain uncultured, limiting access to novel compounds.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review innovative strategies for discovering novel natural products from untapped microbial sources.
- To highlight methods for accessing and characterizing secondary metabolites from actinomycetes and other microbes.
Main Methods:
- Exploring extreme and non-soil habitats for culturable actinobacteria.
- Utilizing advanced cultivation techniques to promote growth of previously uncultured organisms.
- Employing genomics, metagenomics, and metabolomics to identify biosynthetic potential and natural products.
Main Results:
- Genomic analysis reveals extensive silent biosynthetic gene clusters in microbial genomes.
- Integration of multi-omics approaches enhances the discovery of novel natural products.
- Advanced cultivation and bioprospecting strategies broaden the range of accessible microbial producers.
Conclusions:
- A multidisciplinary approach is essential to overcome limitations in natural product discovery.
- Unlocking the biosynthetic potential of microbes, particularly actinomycetes, promises a new era of antibiotic development.
- Innovative cultivation and omics technologies are key to accessing the vast reservoir of microbial natural products.
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