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Related Concept Videos

Adhesion01:14

Adhesion

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Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
Capillary action is a result of water’s adhesive tendencies. When a narrow...
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Timing and Consequences on Behavior01:08

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

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In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant...
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Cell Adhesion in Plants01:14

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Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
Pectins are complex heteropolymers mainly composed of negatively-charged α-D-glucopyranosyl uronic acid and some neutral glycosyl residues such as α-L-rhamnopyranose, α-L-arabinofuranose,...
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Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

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Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

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Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
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Distinct Epitopes on CD13 Mediate Opposite Consequences for Cell Adhesion.

Claudia A Garay-Canales1, Ileana Licona-Limón1, Enrique Ortega1

  • 1Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.

Biomed Research International
|May 24, 2018
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Summary

New monoclonal antibodies (mAbs C and E) target CD13, inhibiting myeloid cell adhesion. These CD13 antibodies offer tools for studying cell interactions in health and disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • CD13 is a myeloid cell surface glycoprotein with aminopeptidase activity.
  • CD13 is implicated in cell adhesion, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis.
  • Antibody-mediated crosslinking of CD13 can induce monocyte aggregation and adhesion to endothelial cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generate and characterize novel monoclonal antibodies targeting CD13.
  • To investigate the role of specific CD13 epitopes in cell adhesion.
  • To develop tools for studying CD13-mediated cell-cell interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs C and E) against CD13.
  • Assays to measure homotypic monocyte aggregation and heterotypic monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion.
  • Epitope mapping to differentiate binding sites of mAbs C, E, and 452.

Main Results:

  • mAbs C and E effectively block CD13-induced homotypic aggregation of U-937 monocytic cells.
  • These mAbs also inhibit heterotypic adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells.
  • mAbs C and E recognize distinct CD13 epitopes compared to mAb 452, and their inhibitory effect requires crosslinking.

Conclusions:

  • mAbs C and E bind to a unique CD13 epitope, disrupting CD13-mediated cell adhesion.
  • These antibodies interfere with both cell adhesion and CD13 enzymatic activity.
  • The developed antibodies are valuable tools for researching CD13 functions in physiological and pathological contexts.